Acrylamide Induced Alterations In Glutathione S-Transferase And Glutathione Peroxidase Activity And DNA Damage In Rat Brain

An imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants occurs in cells due to oxidative stress (Nazıroğlu, 2007). Oxidative stress leads to atherosclerosis, inflammation, ischemia-reperfusion injury, gene mutation, carcinogenesis, and tissue injury (Halliwell, 2014). Among the antioxidant enzymes glutathione S-transferase (GST) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) are prominent. Glutathione S-transferases (GST, EC 2.5.1.18) are a multifunctional dimeric protein involved in cellular detoxification of reactive electrophilic compounds, and protecting tissues against oxidative damage (Hayes et al., 2005). Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) has various forms, containing or not containing selenium (Nakane et al., 1998). GPx capture reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thereby it protects the cells against oxidative stress. Increasing the expression level of the GPx enzyme can protect cells from free radicals (Koral Taşçi and Gülmez, 2014). Acrylamide (AC) is a noxious chemical with formula of CH2=CH–CO–NH2 and it is a highly reactive small organic molecule with hydrophilic nature. Acrylamide can rapidly absorb and distribute throughout the body because of its small size, solubility in water and capability of reaction (Mannaa et al., 2006). It is a well proved toxic chemical including neurotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, carcinogenicity, genotoxicity and mutagenicity (Chen et al., 2013). Acrylamide causes genotoxicity by binding to its metabolite (glycidamide) with DNA (Belinda et al., 2012) and It release the large amount of free radicals in to body there by it generate disturbances between the oxidative status and antioxidant enzymatic system (Yousef & El-Demerdash, 2006). In tobacco smoke high levels of acrylamide (AC) were identified (Pruser and Flynn, 2011). Several studies have been concluded the interaction of AC with GST in both rats and mice (Alturfan et al., 2011; Rawi et al., 2012). Generally AC is formed during cooking foods at high temperatures that is more than 120 o C. This study aimed to investigate the effects of AC on rat brain and AC was administered as short term and long term.